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rman提供了更便捷的方式来创建standby，方法就是通过duplicate命令，下面做一个详细介绍：
1. 试验环境
[oracle@gaojf orcl]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Dec 6 08:54:45 2006
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining optionsSQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
---------------------------------------------------------------- Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Prod PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production CORE 10.2.0.1.0 Production TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.1.0 - ProductionSQL>
2. 确认主库处于归档模式
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode Automatic archival Enabled Archive destination /free/oracle/orabak Oldest online log sequence 275 Next log sequence to archive 277 Current log sequence 277 SQL>3：创建备库instance
windows平台利用oradim工具创建一个新的instance，unix/linux平台设置新的ORACLE_SID即可，我的是linux平台，设置ORACLE_SID即可。
4：准备好备库的参数文件本次试验在两个系统上建主备库，另外如果主备库都在一起的话，db_name设置为主库名，lock_name_space设置为备库名，同时要注意设置好DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT和LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT参数。
备库主要的几个参数如下：
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(PRIMARY,STANDBY)' *.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/free/oracle/orabak VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=STANDBY' *.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=primary VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PRIMARY LGWR SYNC AFFIRM' *.db_unique_name='STANDBY' *.FAL_CLIENT='STANDBY' *.FAL_SERVER='PRIMARY' *.log_archive_dest_state_1='enable' *.log_archive_dest_state_2='enable' *.STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST='/free/oracle/orabak' *.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT='AUTO'主库几个主要参数如下：
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(PRIMAYR,STANDBY)'
*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME='PRIMARY' *.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1= 'LOCATION=/free/oracle/orabak' #*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=STANDBYVALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=STANDBY LGWR SYNC AFFIRM' ＃LGWR方式 *.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=STANDBY DB_UNIQUE_NAME=STANDBY ARCH SYNC REOPEN=10' ＃arch方式 *.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE *.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE *.LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT='arc%s%t%r.arc' *.FAL_SERVER='STANDBY' *.FAL_CLIENT='PRIMARY' *.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT='AUTO' *.standby_archive_dest='/free/oracle/orabak'5.在备库生成password file
[oracle@gaojfdbs]$Orapwd file=/free/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/orapworcl.ora password=orcl entries=5
或者可以直接复制主库密码文件到备库相应的位置也可。
6.配置网络
配置主备库的listener.ora,tnsnames.ora。修改完lisner.ora后注意重启监听。
主库Listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc) (ORACLE_HOME = /free/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1) (PROGRAM = extproc) )LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.60.144)(PORT = 1521)) ) )备库Listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc) (ORACLE_HOME = /free/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1) (PROGRAM = extproc) )LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.60.253)(PORT = 1521)) ) )tnsnames.ora（主备库配置一样）
PRIMARY =
(DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.60.144)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = primary) ) )STANDBY =
(DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.60.253)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = standby) ) )
7.利用rman备份主库
注意同时备库控制文件 [oracle@gaojf ~]$ rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Dec 7 10:10:02 2006 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1132959697) RMAN> backup full format='/free/oracle/FULL_%d_%T_%s' database include current controlfile for standby 2> plus archivelog format='/free/oracle/arch_%d_%T_%s'; Starting backup at 07-DEC-06 current log archived using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=159 devtype=DISK skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc2951605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s) skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc2961605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s) skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc2971605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s) skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc2981605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s) skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc2991605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s) skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3001605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s) skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3011605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s) skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3021605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s) skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3031605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s) skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3041605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s) skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3051605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s) skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3061605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s) skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3071605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s) skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3081605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s) skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3091605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s) skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3101605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s) skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3111605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s) skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3121605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s) skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3131605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s) skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3141605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s) skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3151605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s) skipping archive log file /free/oracle/orabak/arc3161605985194.arc; already backed up 1 time(s) channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log backupset channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set input archive log thread=1 sequence=317 recid=436 stamp=608584285 input archive log thread=1 sequence=318 recid=439 stamp=608585430 input archive log thread=1 sequence=319 recid=441 stamp=608585703 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 07-DEC-06 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 07-DEC-06 piece handle=/free/oracle/arch_ORCL_20061207_56 tag=TAG20061207T193504 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02 Finished backup at 07-DEC-06Starting backup at 07-DEC-06
using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset input datafile fno=00001 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf input datafile fno=00003 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf input datafile fno=00006 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf1db.dbf input datafile fno=00007 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf2db.dbf input datafile fno=00008 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf3db.dbf input datafile fno=00010 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/cicrodb1.dbf input datafile fno=00011 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/cicrodb11.dbf input datafile fno=00009 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf4db.dbf input datafile fno=00002 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf input datafile fno=00005 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojfdb.dbf input datafile fno=00004 name=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 07-DEC-06 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 07-DEC-06 piece handle=/free/oracle/FULL_ORCL_20061207_57 tag=TAG20061207T193507 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:03:55 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset including standby control file in backupset channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 07-DEC-06 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 07-DEC-06 piece handle=/free/oracle/FULL_ORCL_20061207_58 tag=TAG20061207T193507 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03 Finished backup at 07-DEC-06Starting backup at 07-DEC-06
current log archived using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log backupset channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set input archive log thread=1 sequence=320 recid=443 stamp=608585946 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 07-DEC-06 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 07-DEC-06 piece handle=/free/oracle/arch_ORCL_20061207_59 tag=TAG20061207T193906 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02 Finished backup at 07-DEC-06Starting Control File Autobackup at 07-DEC-06
piece handle=/free/oracle/orabak/c-1132959697-20061207-02 comment=NONE Finished Control File Autobackup at 07-DEC-06 RMAN>8：复制 rman全备份到备库
利用操作系统命令scp，或者ftp bin方式复制rman全备份到备库。 由于我rman主库备份时设置备份文件位置为/free/oracle，因此必须把此备份文件也放到备库同样的位置。 同时scp 控制文件standby.ctl到备库相应的位置。9.启动备库到nomount
SQL> startup nomount ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 135338868 bytes Fixed Size 453492 bytes Variable Size 109051904 bytes Database Buffers 25165824 bytes Redo Buffers 667648 bytes10.利用rman恢复备库
> rman target auxiliary / Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期五 12月 8 12:09:23 2006 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1132959697) connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (not mounted)RMAN> duplicate target database for standby dorecover nofilenamecheck;
Starting Duplicate Db at 08-12月-06
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: sid=156 devtype=DISKcontents of Memory Script:
{ set until scn 1607552; restore clone standby controlfile; sql clone 'alter database mount standby database'; } executing Memory Script executing command: SET until clause Starting restore at 08-12月-06 using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring control file channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /free/oracle/FULL_ORCL_20061207_58 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 piece handle=/free/oracle/FULL_ORCL_20061207_58 tag=TAG20061207T193507 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03 output filename=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/standby.ctl Finished restore at 08-12月-06sql statement: alter database mount standby database
released channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1contents of Memory Script:
{ set until scn 1607552; set newname for tempfile 1 to "/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf"; switch clone tempfile all; set newname for datafile 1 to "/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf"; set newname for datafile 2 to "/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf"; set newname for datafile 3 to "/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf"; set newname for datafile 4 to "/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf"; set newname for datafile 5 to "/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojfdb.dbf"; set newname for datafile 6 to "/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf1db.dbf"; set newname for datafile 7 to "/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf2db.dbf"; set newname for datafile 8 to "/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf3db.dbf"; set newname for datafile 9 to "/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf4db.dbf"; set newname for datafile 10 to "/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/cicrodb1.dbf"; set newname for datafile 11 to "/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/cicrodb11.dbf"; restore check readonly clone database ; } executing Memory Script executing command: SET until clause executing command: SET NEWNAME renamed temporary file 1 to /free/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf in control file executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME Starting restore at 08-12月-06 allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: sid=156 devtype=DISKchannel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set restoring datafile 00001 to /free/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf restoring datafile 00002 to /free/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf restoring datafile 00003 to /free/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf restoring datafile 00004 to /free/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf restoring datafile 00005 to /free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojfdb.dbf restoring datafile 00006 to /free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf1db.dbf restoring datafile 00007 to /free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf2db.dbf restoring datafile 00008 to /free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf3db.dbf restoring datafile 00009 to /free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf4db.dbf restoring datafile 00010 to /free/oracle/oradata/orcl/cicrodb1.dbf restoring datafile 00011 to /free/oracle/oradata/orcl/cicrodb11.dbf channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /free/oracle/FULL_ORCL_20061207_57 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 piece handle=/free/oracle/FULL_ORCL_20061207_57 tag=TAG20061207T193507 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:04:07 Finished restore at 08-12月-06contents of Memory Script:
{ switch clone datafile all; } executing Memory Script datafile 1 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy recid=17 stamp=608645655 filename=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf datafile 2 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy recid=18 stamp=608645655 filename=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf datafile 3 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy recid=19 stamp=608645655 filename=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf datafile 4 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy recid=20 stamp=608645655 filename=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf datafile 5 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy recid=21 stamp=608645655 filename=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojfdb.dbf datafile 6 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy recid=22 stamp=608645655 filename=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf1db.dbf datafile 7 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy recid=23 stamp=608645655 filename=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf2db.dbf datafile 8 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy recid=24 stamp=608645655 filename=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf3db.dbf datafile 9 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy recid=25 stamp=608645655 filename=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/gaojf4db.dbf datafile 10 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy recid=26 stamp=608645656 filename=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/cicrodb1.dbf datafile 11 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy recid=27 stamp=608645656 filename=/free/oracle/oradata/orcl/cicrodb11.dbfcontents of Memory Script:
{ set until scn 1607552; recover standby clone database delete archivelog ; } executing Memory Script executing command: SET until clause Starting recover at 08-12月-06 using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1starting media recovery
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting archive log restore to default destination channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring archive log archive log thread=1 sequence=320 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /free/oracle/arch_ORCL_20061207_59 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 piece handle=/free/oracle/arch_ORCL_20061207_59 tag=TAG20061207T193906 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02 archive log filename=/free/oracle/orabak/1_320_605985194.dbf thread=1 sequence=320 channel clone_default: deleting archive log(s) archive log filename=/free/oracle/orabak/1_320_605985194.dbf recid=1 stamp=608645661 media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03 Finished recover at 08-12月-0611.将备库置于自动恢复状态
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Database altered.12.在主库上执行检查
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.SQL> select dest_name,status,error from v$archive_dest;
DEST_NAME STATUS ERROR ------------------------------ -------- ---------- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 VALID LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2 VALID LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_3 INACTIVE LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_4 INACTIVE LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_5 INACTIVE LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_6 INACTIVE LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_7 INACTIVE LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_8 INACTIVE LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_9 INACTIVE LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10 INACTIVE10 rows selected.
SQL> select * from v$archive_gap;
no rows selected
SQL> select sequence# from v$log_history;
SEQUENCE#
---------- 1 2 ... 32113.在备库上执行检查
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected. SQL> select * from v$archive_gap;no rows selected
SQL> select sequence# from v$log_history;
SEQUENCE#
---------- 1 2 ... 321SQL> select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;
SEQUENCE# APPLIE
---------- ------ 320 YES 321 YES SQL> select process,status from v$managed_standby;PROCESS STATUS
------------------ ------------------------ ARCH CLOSING ARCH CLOSING RFS IDLE MRP0 WAIT_FOR_LOG至此，备库创建成功。
可以看到，使用rman的duplicate来创建备库，过程简洁了不少，无需在手动创建备库控制文件。本专题相关链接：
Oracle dataGuard专题：利用冷备创建standby：
Oracle dataGuard专题：利用rman创建standby：
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